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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.9K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
2.9K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

6.2K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
6.2K
Ionic Compound01:25

Ionic Compound

9
Ionic CompoundsIonic compounds are chemical compounds composed of ions held together by ionic bonds. These compounds form when atoms transfer electrons, producing positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). The attraction between these opposite charges holds the ions together in a stable crystal lattice structure.Science and Engineering Practices (SEP): Developing and Using ModelsScientists create models to demonstrate how ionic compounds form when atoms transfer...
9
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.9K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.9K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

632
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
632
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

653
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
653

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Aromatic heterocyclic anion based ionic liquids and electrolytes.

Mukhtiar Ahmed1, Soniya S Rao2, Andrei Filippov1

  • 1Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden. faiz.ullah@ltu.se.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
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Summary

New fluorine-free ionic materials, including room temperature ionic liquids and plastic crystals, were synthesized. Their properties, influenced by anion structure, show promise for advanced energy storage electrolytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic materials are crucial for energy storage devices.
  • Developing novel electrolytes with tunable properties is essential for improving device performance.
  • Fluorine-free ionic compounds offer potential environmental and cost benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new fluorine-free ionic materials based on pyridine and pyrazine anions.
  • To investigate the impact of anion structure on material properties, including phase behavior and ion-ion interactions.
  • To evaluate the potential of these materials as electrolytes for energy storage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of five new ionic materials with a common phosphonium cation and heterocyclic anions.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine melting points and phase transitions.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure ionic conductivity.
  • Computational modeling to understand ion-ion interactions and diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Two room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), one semi-solid, and two organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) were obtained.
  • OIPCs exhibited plastic crystalline phases, solid-solid transitions, and melt phases.
  • Ion-ion interactions and ionic conductivity were strongly influenced by the anion's nitrogen atom position and electronic structure.
  • Anion diffusion was faster than cation diffusion in RTILs but slowed in Li+-containing electrolytes due to strong electrostatic interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Structural tuning of aromatic anions significantly affects ion-ion interactions and material properties.
  • The synthesized ionic materials demonstrate promising characteristics for use as solid and liquid electrolytes.
  • These findings contribute to the development of advanced electrolytes for next-generation energy storage devices.