Integrating Palliative Care into Burn Care: A Retrospective Application of Criteria for Appropriate Referral

Burn injuries often require complex interdisciplinary care. Despite potential benefits, consultation with specialist palliative care typically occurs in 2% of burn admissions, due largely to lack of availability and misconceptions concerning palliative care. Criteria to guide consultation with specialist palliative care have been developed at this institution. The purpose of this study was to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of these criteria, and then optimize them. Retrospective examination of 388 admissions over 15 months at this adult and pediatric Burn Center were conducted. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous variables were used to test for between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression model was built to determine modified Baux cut-off score using Youden index (J) value. Criteria were sensitive (0.96) and specific (0.90), though with a low positive predictive value (0.43). Persons with lengths of stay greater than one week, advanced directives, Allow Natural Death orders, and/or deterioration events were significantly more likely to have had palliative care consulted. There were significant between-group differences (with/without palliative care consultation) based on burn surface area, modified Baux score, and mortality risk. Potential criteria revisions are proposed. Prospective adherence to revised criteria could provide useful guidance to providers and benefit to patients and families.