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Related Concept Videos

Plasmodesmata02:32

Plasmodesmata

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
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Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

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Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
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Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
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Comparative phyloproteomics identifies conserved plasmodesmal proteins.

Matthew G Johnston1, Andrew Breakspear1, Sebastian Samwald1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, UK.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified core plasmodesmal proteins, including beta-1,3-glucanases, C2 lipid-binding proteins, and tetraspanins, by comparing proteomes from Arabidopsis and the moss Physcomitrium patens. This reveals conserved components essential for plant cell communication.

Keywords:
Physcomitrium patensArabidopsiscell to cell communicationphyloproteomicsplasmodesmataproteomics

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Preparation of Chloroplast Sub-compartments from Arabidopsis for the Analysis of Protein Localization by Immunoblotting or Proteomics
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Plasmodesmata are crucial for plant cell-to-cell communication and tissue development.
  • Studying plasmodesmata composition is challenging due to difficulties in protein extraction.
  • Proteomic analysis offers a method to investigate plasmodesmal components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify evolutionarily conserved protein families associated with plasmodesmata.
  • To expand the taxonomic and tissue representation of known plasmodesmal proteomes.
  • To establish a foundation for investigating ancient plasmodesmal functions.

Main Methods:

  • Generated novel proteomes from mature Arabidopsis leaves and the moss Physcomitrium patens.
  • Performed comparative proteomic analysis using existing and newly generated data.
  • Identified conserved protein families across different plant species and tissues.

Main Results:

  • Identified beta-1,3-glucanases, C2 lipid-binding proteins, and tetraspanins as core plasmodesmal components.
  • Demonstrated the utility of comparative analysis for studying recalcitrant biological samples.
  • Expanded the understanding of plasmodesmal composition across diverse plant lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-1,3-glucanases, C2 lipid-binding proteins, and tetraspanins are likely essential structural or functional components of plasmodesmata.
  • Comparative proteomic approaches enhance the study of conserved biological structures.
  • The identified conserved proteins provide a basis for future research into the fundamental roles of plasmodesmata in plant physiology.