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Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Related Experiment Video

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Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
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Energy-guided synapse coupling between neurons under noise.

Bo Hou1, Jun Ma2,3,4, Feifei Yang5

  • 1Department of Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.

Journal of Biological Physics
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noise disturbance influences neuronal communication by affecting synaptic coupling and energy balance. This study proposes a criterion to control synapse growth and neuron synchronization, offering insights into biophysical mechanisms.

Keywords:
Adaptive couplingEnergy balanceHamilton energySynapse functionSynchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • External stimuli, including noise, inject energy into neural media, influencing electric responses and pattern formation during wave propagation.
  • Synaptic plasticity and neuron synchronization are fundamental to neural network function and information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a criterion for explaining and controlling the growth of electric and memristive synapses between Hindmarsh-Rose neurons under noisy conditions.
  • To investigate the role of energy diversity and balance in adaptive synaptic enhancement and neuron synchronization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model to simulate electric and memristive synapses.
  • Introducing noise disturbance to analyze its impact on synaptic coupling and synchronization.
  • Examining energy balance and diversity as factors influencing synaptic growth and pattern formation in single neurons and neural networks.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic coupling is adaptively enhanced by energy diversity, increasing until neurons achieve energy balance, leading to synchronization.
  • Synchronization becomes challenging in neural networks with diverse firing patterns (spiking, bursting, chaotic) under uniform noise.
  • Noise-induced uncertainty in energy diversity, due to spatial excitability variations, hinders regular pattern development.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed criterion effectively controls synaptic growth and neuron synchronization stability by managing energy diversity.
  • Findings offer guidance on the biophysical mechanisms of synapse growth and energy flow for controlling neural synchronous patterns.