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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

408
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

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Published on: December 20, 2024

378

Discriminating spatialised speech in complex environments in multiple sclerosis.

Pippa Iva1, Russell Martin1, Joanne Fielding2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience impaired spatial hearing, affecting their ability to distinguish speech in noisy environments. This study found pwMS showed reduced spatial release from masking compared to controls, highlighting auditory processing challenges.

Keywords:
Central auditory processingCognitive impairmentMultiple sclerosisSpatial processingSpeech-in-noise perception

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) often exhibit binaural processing deficits crucial for sound localization.
  • Understanding these deficits is vital as they impact communication in complex auditory environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatial release from speech-on-speech masking in pwMS.
  • To assess the role of binaural processing and higher-level auditory mechanisms in speech perception for pwMS.

Main Methods:

  • 26 pwMS and 20 controls performed speech discrimination tasks using virtual acoustic techniques to manipulate sound source locations.
  • Participants also underwent neuropsychological assessments and an interaural time difference (ITD) detection task.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed spatial release from masking, but pwMS had significantly less release (18% vs. 28% for controls) in a color/number discrimination task.
  • At 50° spatial separation, pwMS performance (77%) was lower than controls (89%).
  • No significant differences were found in babble conditions or ITD discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial hearing deficits are implicated in pwMS, impacting their ability to segregate competing speech streams.
  • These findings suggest that difficulties in spatial hearing contribute to communication challenges faced by pwMS.