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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Distinct and shared white matter abnormalities when ADHD is comorbid with ASD: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging

Yuwen Hung¹, Nina T Dallenbach², Allison Green²

¹Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA.

Psychiatry Research

|January 14, 2023

Summary

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows shared and distinct white matter differences. This impacts the callosal-cingulum and frontolimbic tracts, affecting ADHD symptom severity.

Keywords:

ADHD and ASD comorbidity DTI White matter

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Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Published on: July 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occurs with ADHD, worsening symptoms and complicating treatment.
Understanding the neural basis of ADHD with comorbid ASD is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify shared and distinct neural correlates of ADHD neuropathology in youth with comorbid ADHD and ASD.
To compare white matter microstructure integrity between ADHD-only and ADHD+ASD groups versus controls.

Main Methods:

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to analyze white matter integrity.
Three groups were studied: ADHD+ASD, ADHD-only, and healthy controls.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in white matter tracts.

Main Results:

ADHD-only group showed impaired FA in callosal-cingulum (CC-CG) tracts compared to controls.
ADHD+ASD group showed impaired FA in CC-CG and frontolimbic tracts (uncinate fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation).
Lower FA in CC-CG correlated negatively with ADHD symptom severity across all participants.

Conclusions:

The CC-CG tracts are implicated in ADHD neuropathology and symptom severity.
Comorbid ASD in ADHD shifts the neuropathological profile towards anterior-brain, frontal impacts.
Findings may aid in targeted therapeutics, diagnostic precision, and improved prognostication for ADHD and ASD.