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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Interactions between microbiome and underlying mechanisms in asthma.

Purevsuren Losol1, Milena Sokolowska2, Yoon-Seok Chang3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

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The microbiome influences immune system development and function. Imbalances in microbial communities are linked to immune-mediated diseases like asthma, affecting severity and exacerbations.

Keywords:
AsthmaDietImmunityMetaboliteMicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • Investigates the intricate relationship between microbial communities and host immunity.

Background:

  • The microbiome plays a crucial role in educating the immune system from in utero throughout life.
  • Dysregulation of the microbiome-host interaction contributes to immune-mediated diseases, notably asthma.
  • Microbial imbalance in mucosal sites (airways, skin, gut) is a hallmark of asthma, correlating with increased disease severity.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current research on factors influencing microbiome composition and function.
  • It examines the immunoregulatory roles of microbial metabolites and skin microbiota in asthma pathogenesis.
  • Focuses on uncovering microbial members, their functions, and metabolic effects within mucosal environments.

Key Points:

  • Environmental and genetic factors significantly modulate microbiome composition and function.
  • Bacterial metabolites produced by the microbiome possess immunoregulatory properties.
  • Skin microbiota and metabolites are implicated in the immune dysregulation observed in asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the microbiome's impact on immune regulation is vital for asthma research.
  • Targeting microbial communities and their metabolites may offer novel therapeutic strategies for asthma.
  • Further research into the complex interplay between the microbiome and host immunity is warranted.