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Related Concept Videos

Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Types of Stressors01:23

Types of Stressors

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A stressor is any event, condition, or stimulus that triggers stress and causes a physical or psychological response in the body. Stressors can be categorized into three main types: catastrophes; significant life changes; and daily hassles, including social stress. Each can be detrimental to physical and mental well-being.
Catastrophes
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Stress01:20

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When a force is applied on a body, it undergoes deformation. In order to restore the body to its original shape and/or size, an opposite or restoring force is generated within the body. This restoring force is equal to the magnitude of the applied force, but acts in the opposite direction. The amount of this restoring force developed per unit area of the body is called stress. Stress is a tensor quantity and has the SI unit pascal. Stress can be separated into four broad categories depending...
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Normal Stress01:19

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Normal stress is a type of stress that occurs when forces act perpendicular, or normal, to a material's cross-sectional area. This stress often arises in structures when subjected to axial loading, which is the application of force along the axis of an object. A practical example of this can be found in bridge truss members.
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
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Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

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Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Harshness is not stress.

Carsten Schradin1, Lindelani Makuya2, Neville Pillay2

  • 1CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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Summary

Animals in harsh environments conserve energy by inhibiting their stress response, unlike those in stressful environments where the stress response increases energy availability. Understanding this difference is key to predicting animal resilience to global change.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental physiology
  • Animal ecology
  • Global change biology

Background:

  • Global change presents challenges to animal survival.
  • Understanding animal resilience requires differentiating environmental stressors.
  • Previous research often conflates stressful and harsh conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To distinguish between stressful and harsh environments.
  • To clarify the distinct physiological responses of animals to these environments.
  • To inform predictions of animal resilience in the face of global change.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of physiological stress responses.
  • Review of existing literature on animal environmental interactions.
  • Ecological modeling of animal adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Stressful environments trigger physiological stress responses to mobilize energy.
  • Harsh environments lead to the inhibition of physiological stress responses to conserve energy.
  • This distinction is critical for understanding species-specific resilience.

Conclusions:

  • Differentiating between stress and harshness is fundamental for ecological and physiological studies.
  • The findings provide a new framework for assessing animal vulnerability to climate change.
  • Conservation strategies must consider these distinct environmental impacts on animal physiology.