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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Mechanochemically accessing a challenging-to-synthesize depolymerizable polymer.

Tze-Gang Hsu1, Shiqi Liu1, Xin Guan1

  • 1School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a low ceiling temperature polymer, poly(2,5-dihydrofuran), using polymer mechanochemistry. This method allows for on-demand depolymerization, offering a sustainable approach to plastic development.

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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanochemistry

Background:

  • Polymers with low ceiling temperatures (Tc) enable mild depolymerization but are challenging to synthesize and stabilize.
  • Developing high-Tc polymers convertible to low-Tc polymers on demand addresses these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the mechanochemical synthesis of a low-Tc polymer, poly(2,5-dihydrofuran) (PDHF).
  • To explore the concept of mechanochemically regulating polymer Tc for sustainable plastics.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanochemical cycloreversion of an unsaturated polyether containing cyclobutane-fused THF units.
  • Catalytic depolymerization of the resulting PDHF using a ruthenium catalyst.

Main Results:

  • Mechanochemical processing generated PDHF from the precursor polyether.
  • The synthesized PDHF efficiently depolymerized into 2,5-dihydrofuran.
  • This demonstrates a novel route to an otherwise difficult-to-synthesize polymer.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool for accessing elusive polymer structures.
  • Regulating polymer Tc via mechanochemistry opens avenues for next-generation sustainable plastics.