Temperature-Dependent Electrochromic Devices for Energy-Saving Dual-Mode Displays

Electrochromic (EC) devices show promising prospects with the increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable technologies. Multifunctionality integration is an inevitable characteristic for EC devices to adapt to changing environments. Herein, a dual-mode temperature-dependent EC device is demonstrated for the first time. Combined with the transparent PVA/EG-ZnCl₂ organohydrogel electrolyte, the devices exhibit good EC performances over a wide temperature range (-40 to 40 °C). The evolutions of ion/electron transport kinetics-related indicators with temperature are further explored and simulated to reveal the mechanism of the temperature dependence of EC devices. Significantly, the optimized tungsten oxide-based EC device shows high performances at the extremely low temperature of -40 °C with a large transmittance modulation (80.8% @660 nm) and outstanding optical memory effects (97.3% retention of the initial transmittance modulation after 32 h) without electrical energy consumption. Furthermore, with a perovskite quantum dot photoluminescence film serving as the backlight, the device can switch display modes between emissive and reflective to realize its functionality in bright or dark conditions. This work provides a broad application prospect for EC devices in diverse environments of light (bright/dark) and temperature (hot/cold).