Acoustic Attenuation and Dispersion in Fatty Tissues and Tissue Phantoms Influencing Ultrasound Biomedical Imaging

The development of ultrasonic imaging techniques is optimized using artificial tissue phantoms before the practical applications. However, due to the strong attenuation and dispersion, accumulated fatty tissues can significantly impact the resolution and even feasibility of certain ultrasonic imaging modalities. An appropriate characterization of the acoustic properties on fatty phantoms can help the community to overcome the limitations. Some of the existing methods heavily overestimate attenuation coefficients by including the reflection loss and dispersion effects. Hence, in this study, we use numerical simulation-based comparison between two major attenuation measurement configurations. We further pointed out the pulse dispersion in viscoelastic tissue phantoms by simulations, which barely attracted attention in the existing studies. Using the selected attenuation and dispersion testing methods that were selected from the numerical simulation, we experimentally characterized the acoustic properties of common fatty tissue phantoms and compared the acoustic properties with the natural porcine fatty tissue samples. Furthermore, we selected one of the tissue phantoms to construct ultrasound imaging samples with some biomasses. With the known attenuation and dispersion of the tissue phantom, we showed the clarity enhancement of ultrasound imaging by signal post-processing to weaken the attenuation and dispersion effects.