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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

456
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
456
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

32
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation
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Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions.

Tarek Ziad Arabi1,2, Belal Nedal Sabbah2,3, Amir Lerman4

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Cell Transplantation
|January 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Xenotransplantation offers organ replacement solutions but faces immune rejection. Identifying biomarkers like T-cell markers and circulating DNA/microRNAs is crucial for predicting and diagnosing xenograft rejection, especially in pig-to-human transplants.

Keywords:
diagnostic biomarkersgenetic editingimmune rejectionpredictive biomarkerstolerance inductionxenoantigensxenotransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Xenotransplantation research
  • Immunology of graft rejection
  • Biomarker discovery

Background:

  • Organ shortage drives xenotransplantation efforts (hearts, corneas, skin, kidneys).
  • Graft rejection, mediated by adaptive and innate immunity, is a major hurdle.
  • Key immune cells involved include natural killer cells, macrophages, and T-cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in xenotransplantation, focusing on pig-to-human models.
  • To elucidate the role of immune responses in xenograft rejection.
  • To summarize current and emerging biomarkers for xenograft rejection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on xenotransplantation.
  • Analysis of immune system components contributing to xenograft rejection.
  • Identification and categorization of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • T-cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8) show utility in diagnosing and predicting rejection.
  • Elevated levels of circulating DNA markers and microRNAs are predictive of xenograft rejection.
  • Genetic editing offers potential solutions but standardized biomarkers are still needed.

Conclusions:

  • Xenotransplantation, particularly pig-to-human, holds promise for organ replacement.
  • Understanding and mitigating immune rejection is critical for success.
  • Standardized biomarkers are essential for effective xenograft monitoring and management.