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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Published on: October 18, 2011

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[Chemobrain - cognitive disorders after chemotherapy].

Anna Kupryjaniuk1, Michał Sobstyl1

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Neurosurgery Department in Warsaw.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|January 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chemotherapy can cause cognitive impairments, known as chemobrain, affecting memory and executive functions in cancer patients. Neuroimaging confirms these deficits, highlighting the need for neuropsychological rehabilitation.

Keywords:
chemobrainchemotherapycognitive disorderscognitive functionsneuropsychology

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Psychology

Context:

  • Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment.
  • Cognitive dysfunction is an increasingly recognized side effect of chemotherapy.
  • Patients report deficits in memory and executive functions.

Purpose:

  • To define and introduce the phenomenon of chemobrain.
  • To discuss the neuroanatomical underpinnings of chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits.
  • To highlight the potential for neuropsychological rehabilitation.

Summary:

  • Chemobrain refers to cognitive impairments following chemotherapy, notably affecting long-term verbal memory and executive functions like planning and working memory.
  • Neuroimaging studies support these patient-reported deficits, with higher chemotherapy doses potentially exacerbating the condition.
  • This article provides an overview of chemobrain, its neurological basis, and the importance of rehabilitation.

Impact:

  • Increases awareness of chemotherapy's cognitive side effects among patients and clinicians.
  • Provides a foundation for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of chemobrain.
  • Advocates for the integration of neuropsychological rehabilitation into cancer care to mitigate cognitive decline.