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Cardiovascular Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Pathogenesis and Management

Marcos I Restrepo1,2, Judith Marin-Corral1,3,4, Juan J Rodriguez5

  • 1Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|January 16, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts cardiovascular health, with the virus targeting heart cells. This review covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 related cardiac complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits tropism for the cardiovascular system.
  • Viral entry into host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors triggers endothelial injury.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes key literature on cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19.
  • It examines the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies.
  • Focus is placed on the mechanisms of viral-induced cardiac damage.

Key Points:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause direct endothelial injury, inflammation, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis.
  • Associated cardiovascular conditions include acute myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and thromboembolic disease.
  • Understanding these complications is crucial for patient management.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a substantial threat to cardiovascular health.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for mitigating adverse cardiac outcomes.
  • Further research into preventive measures is warranted.

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