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"Long Haulers".

Denyse D Lutchmansingh1, Jean Paul Higuero Sevilla1, Jennifer D Possick1

  • 1Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

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Post-COVID conditions, or long COVID, affect many organ systems after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Research is clarifying risk factors and developing assessments and treatments to improve survivors' quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Post-COVID conditions, also known as long COVID, present with over 50 symptoms affecting multiple organ systems, most commonly pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric systems.
  • Numerous terms describe these conditions, including long-haul COVID and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a lack of standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols.
  • Understanding the distinct phenotypes of post-COVID conditions is crucial for effective patient management.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes data from observational studies and scientific investigations into the pathogenesis of post-COVID conditions.
  • It discusses the epidemiology and risk factors associated with developing these long-term effects.
  • The review provides an overview of diagnostic assessments and treatment strategies for specific manifestations of post-COVID conditions.

Key Points:

  • Pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric sequelae are the most frequent manifestations of post-COVID conditions.
  • Standardized assessments and treatment algorithms for long COVID have been generally lacking.
  • Ongoing research and interventional trials are essential for developing clinical protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research into the pathogenesis and phenotypes of post-COVID conditions is improving our understanding.
  • Developing standardized clinical protocols is vital for enhancing the quality of life for COVID-19 survivors.
  • Preventing or reducing long-term morbidity in individuals affected by post-COVID conditions is a primary goal.