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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Inter- and intra-rater reliability of handpump functionality field tests.

Daniel W Smith1, Samantha Wind1, Igor A Markov2

  • 1Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and Stanford Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Y2E2 Building, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Measuring handpump functionality in low-income countries is crucial. The 10-minute leakage rate and pump capacity tests offer reliable methods for assessing water point functionality.

Keywords:
AfricaFunctionalityHandpumpsInter-rater reliabilityIntra-rater reliabilityWater supply

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Area of Science:

  • Water resource management
  • Public health engineering
  • Developing country infrastructure

Background:

  • Ensuring consistent access to safe drinking water in low- and middle-income countries remains a significant challenge.
  • Handpumps provide water for approximately 9% of the global population, yet their functionality is often poorly measured.
  • The common indicator of water point functionality (i.e., whether it dispenses water) lacks sufficient validity, reliability, and utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of three field tests for handpump functionality in Uganda.
  • To propose and validate a quantitative procedure and ordinal scale for handpump functionality based on reliable tests.

Main Methods:

  • Three handpump functionality field tests were evaluated: pump capacity, 10-minute leakage rate, and flowrate.
  • Inter-rater reliability (agreement between different testers) and intra-rater reliability (agreement by the same tester) were measured using intraclass correlation coefficients.
  • Tests were conducted by multiple raters on 28 and 32 handpumps in Uganda.

Main Results:

  • The 10-minute leakage rate test demonstrated the highest inter-rater reliability, followed by the pump capacity test.
  • The flowrate test exhibited poor inter-rater reliability, indicating significant variability among different testers.
  • All three tests showed high intra-rater reliability, meaning individual testers were consistent in their measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The 10-minute leakage rate and pump capacity tests provide reliable and objective measures for assessing handpump functionality.
  • A validated quantitative procedure and ordinal scale based on these tests can improve the objectivity and comparability of global handpump data.
  • These enhanced measurement procedures can aid in service delivery monitoring and research, potentially predicting handpump breakdowns.