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Cellulose-Based Radiative Cooling and Solar Heating Powers Ionic Thermoelectrics.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel cellulose-carbon black composite with a special coating for efficient solar heating. This material, alongside a solar-reflecting cellulose, generates temperature differences to power thermoelectric devices day and night.

Keywords:
IR emissivity controllingcelluloseionic thermoelectricsradiative coolingsolar heating

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Cellulose exhibits high thermal emissivity and low solar absorptance, making it suitable for radiative cooling.
  • Incorporating additives like carbon black can enhance solar absorptance but may counteract cooling by maintaining high thermal emissivity.
  • Existing materials often struggle to achieve both efficient solar absorption and suppressed thermal emission simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cellulose-based composite material with tunable optical properties for both solar heating and radiative cooling applications.
  • To engineer a system that leverages the optical differences between solar-absorbing and solar-reflecting materials to generate usable temperature gradients.
  • To demonstrate the potential of these materials in powering thermoelectric devices for sustainable energy generation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a cellulose-carbon black composite with a mid-infrared (MIR) low-emissivity indium tin oxide (ITO) coating.
  • Development of a contrasting solar-reflecting electrospun cellulose material.
  • Characterization of optical properties using solar and sky simulators.
  • Outdoor measurements to assess performance under real-world conditions.
  • Integration with an ionic thermoelectric device to demonstrate power generation.

Main Results:

  • The cellulose-carbon black composite with ITO coating exhibited suppressed radiative cooling and efficient solar heating.
  • The solar-reflecting cellulose material demonstrated effective radiative cooling.
  • Exposing both materials to the sky created spontaneous temperature differences.
  • The system powered an ionic thermoelectric device, achieving thermovoltages over 60 mV and temperature differences of 10 °C at moderate solar irradiance (≈400 W m⁻²).

Conclusions:

  • A novel approach using cellulose-based composites with tailored optical properties enables efficient solar heating and radiative cooling.
  • The generated temperature differences can be effectively utilized to power thermoelectric devices, offering a new avenue for sustainable energy harvesting.
  • This technology holds promise for applications requiring passive heating and cooling, as well as energy generation in both daytime and nighttime conditions.