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COVID-19's immuno-pathology and cardiovascular diseases

Entezar Mehrabi Nasab1,2, Hassan Aghajani1, Reza Hassanzadeh Makoei3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
|January 17, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic causes severe cardiovascular issues, including heart attack and stroke, due to its impact on blood vessels and clotting. This review details the immuno-pathological mechanisms driving these dangerous cardiac complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • COVID-19 infection can trigger severe respiratory distress, cytokine storms, and multi-organ complications.
  • Cardiovascular complications, including thrombosis and ischemia, are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immuno-pathological mechanisms underlying COVID-19's effects on the cardiovascular system.
  • To elucidate the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac function, vascular integrity, and coagulation.
  • To provide a molecular perspective on the immuno-inflammatory response in COVID-19 cardiovascular pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immuno-pathological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies reporting cardiovascular complications in COVID-19.
  • Synthesis of molecular and cellular data related to COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 induces endothelial dysfunction and promotes a pro-coagulant state.
  • Immuno-inflammation and cytokine storms contribute to myocardial injury and thromboembolic events.
  • Vascular complications include pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant threat to the cardiovascular system through complex immuno-pathological pathways.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing and preventing severe cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients.
  • Further research into the molecular interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system is warranted.

Keywords:
Corona virusbloodheartimmune systeminfection

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