Clinical guidelines for microwave ablation of spinal metastases

Spinal metastases are the most common source of morbidity in patients with cancer. Recently, microwave ablation has produced satisfactory results in the management of spinal metastases. However, there is still controversy in terms of clinical treatment, such as indication, power, time, and temperature. To standardize the application of microwave ablation technology and reduce the risk of surgical-related complications in spinal metastases, in this report, we aimed to summarize the current evidence and clinical experience of microwave ablation and developed a clinical guideline, initiated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Group of the Committee for Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations, and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist was strictly followed to report the guideline. Finally, 15 evidence-based recommendations were formulated based on the 15 most concerned clinical questions among orthopedic surgeons, oncologists, and interventional radiologists in China. This guideline aims to promote the science-based normalization of microwave ablation for the treatment of spinal metastases.