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Fibroblast growth factor 19 secretion and function in perinatal development.

Caitlin Vonderohe1,2, Gregory Guthrie1,2, Douglas G Burrin1,2

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, United States.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|January 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) plays dual roles from embryonic development to adult metabolism. Further research is needed to understand its perinatal function and transition in preterm infants.

Keywords:
bile aciddevelopmentfibroblast growth factor-19perinatal

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) is crucial for embryonic development but shifts to regulate bile acid synthesis postnatally.
  • FGF19 influences metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and muscle growth in adults, with potential benefits for preterm infants.
  • Current clinical data on FGF19 in perinatal periods is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the secretion and function of FGF19 during the perinatal period.
  • To understand the transition of FGF19 from an embryonic growth factor to a metabolic regulator.
  • To explore FGF19's potential in improving nutritional outcomes for preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FGF19.
  • Analysis of studies in pigs showing FGF19 upregulation with gestational age.
  • Examination of FGF19's role in pediatric liver and metabolic diseases.

Main Results:

  • FGF19 expression and secretion increase with gestational age in pigs.
  • Activation of gut FXR signaling enhances FGF19 secretion, benefiting certain pediatric conditions.
  • FGF19's perinatal secretion and function remain equivocal in human infants.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing FGF19 secretion and its functional transition in the perinatal period is essential.
  • Understanding FGF19 mechanisms may reveal therapeutic targets for preterm infant growth and metabolism.
  • Further research is required to clarify FGF19's role in neonatal health and disease.