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Racial and ethnic disparities in workers' compensation claims rates
Caroline K Smith1, Sara Wuellner1, Jennifer Marcum1
1Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, Safety & Health Assessment & Research for Prevention (SHARP) Research Program, Olympia, Washington, United States of America.
Plos One
|January 17, 2023
Summary
Workers of color, particularly Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos, face disproportionately high rates of work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII). This study used a Bayesian method to identify these disparities across industries and occupations in Washington State.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Workers of color experience a disproportionate burden of work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII).
- Existing workers' compensation systems often fail to collect race and ethnicity data, hindering the monitoring of disparities.
- This limitation makes it difficult to investigate policies contributing to unequal WRII burdens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply a Bayesian method to Washington workers' compensation claims data.
- To identify racial and ethnic disparities in WRII across various industries and occupations.
- To improve surveillance of WRII and inform targeted prevention efforts.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocode (BISG) method on surname and residential address data.
- Analyzed Washington workers' compensation claims data from 2013-2017.
- Compared worker and injury characteristics by imputed race/ethnicity and estimated WRII rates.
Main Results:
- Black/African Americans exhibited the highest WRII claim rates across all sectors.
- Hispanic/Latino workers had higher WRII rates than Whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders in most sectors.
- Bodily reaction/overexertion injuries constituted nearly half of accepted claims.
Conclusions:
- Significant racial and ethnic disparities in WRII exist, with Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino workers facing higher risks.
- Industry and occupation-specific WRII claim rates are notably higher for these groups compared to Whites.
- Further research is necessary to identify underlying work-related, systemic, and individual factors contributing to these disparities.
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