Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Earth's Mantle01:27

Earth's Mantle

Earth's Mantle Beneath the Earth's surface is a thick layer of rock called the mantle. It sits between the crust and the core and makes up most of the planet's volume. Even though the mantle is solid, it moves very slowly over time. This movement helps shape Earth's surface by driving plate tectonics. The heat from deep inside the planet causes the mantle to move, which is why continents shift, and earthquakes and volcanoes happen.Science and Engineering Practice (SEP): Constructing...
Magma Composition01:31

Magma Composition

Magma CompositionMagma is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. When it erupts from a volcano, it is called lava. The composition of magma determines how a volcano erupts. Different types of magma contain varying amounts of silica, gas content, and temperature, which influence how thick or fluid the magma is. Science and Engineering Practice (SEP): Constructing Explanations and Designing SolutionsScientists construct scientific explanations about magma composition using multiple sources of...
Earth's Interior01:26

Earth's Interior

Earth’s InteriorEarth’s interior consists of distinct layers, each with unique properties. Scientists classify these layers into four main sections: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.The crust is the thin outer layer where we live.Beneath it, the mantle consists of hot, flowing rock.The outer core is composed of liquid metal.The inner core is a dense, solid sphere.Since direct exploration of Earth’s interior is impossible, scientists study seismic waves from earthquakes to...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

19.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
19.3K
Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

3.8K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
3.8K
Earth's Crust01:20

Earth's Crust

Earth’s CrustThe Earth's crust is the outermost layer of our planet. It is like the shell of an egg, covering everything we see on the surface. The crust is made of solid rock and is much thinner than the layers beneath it. It is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates, which slowly move over time. These movements shape mountains, cause earthquakes, and create volcanoes.There are two types of crust:Continental crust: This crust forms the land we live on and is thicker but less...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tectonics and Surface Environments on Early Earth.

Astrobiology·2025
Same author

Vestiges of impact-driven three-phase mixing in the chemistry and structure of Earth's mantle.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2023
Same author

The combined Hf and Nd isotope evolution of the depleted mantle requires Hadean continental formation.

Science advances·2023
Same author

A wet heterogeneous mantle creates a habitable world in the Hadean.

Nature·2022
Same author

A halogen budget of the bulk silicate Earth points to a history of early halogen degassing followed by net regassing.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same author

Was There Land on the Early Earth?

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
06:06

Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod

Published on: August 17, 2016

11.3K

Long-term core-mantle interaction explains W-He isotope heterogeneities.

Amy L Ferrick1, Jun Korenaga1

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ocean island basalts reveal mantle evolution. Isotopic diffusion across the core-mantle boundary explains puzzling tungsten-helium trends, suggesting core-mantle interaction, not deep mantle reservoirs.

Keywords:
coreentrainmentheliumisotope heterogeneitytungsten

More Related Videos

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

12.6K
Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
06:04

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
06:06

Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod

Published on: August 17, 2016

11.3K
Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

12.6K
Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
06:04

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Isotope Geochemistry
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Ocean island basalts (OIBs) provide insights into Earth's mantle evolution.
  • A puzzling anticorrelation exists between tungsten (W) and helium (He) isotopes in OIBs.
  • Existing models struggle to explain this W-He isotopic anticorrelation without invoking complex or unobserved processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of isotopic diffusion across the core-mantle boundary (CMB) in explaining OIB W-He isotopic anomalies.
  • To challenge the necessity of deep, undegassed mantle reservoirs for explaining high 3He/4He signatures.
  • To explore the implications of core-mantle exchange for early Earth conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical modeling of long-term isotopic evolution in mantle domains.
  • Simulating isotopic diffusion of tungsten and helium across the CMB.
  • Comparing model predictions with observed W-He isotopic heterogeneities in OIBs.

Main Results:

  • Isotopic diffusion across the CMB can simultaneously transport W and He, naturally explaining the observed anticorrelation.
  • The proposed diffusion mechanism adequately accounts for isotopic ratios in plume sources.
  • The model obviates the need for a primordial, undegassed deep mantle reservoir.

Conclusions:

  • Core-mantle boundary diffusion is a viable mechanism for generating OIB W-He isotopic signatures.
  • This mechanism has significant implications for understanding mantle composition and early Earth differentiation.
  • The findings challenge traditional models of mantle evolution and early Earth processes.