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Contrasting symbolic and non-symbolic numerical representations in a joint classification task
Valter Prpic1,2, Yasmine A Basamh3, Courtney M Goodridge4
1Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies, University of Bologna, Via Azzo Gardino 23, Bologna, Italy. valter.prpic@unibo.it.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|January 17, 2023
Summary
The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect, linked to number representation, was investigated for symbolic digits and non-symbolic patterns. Results indicate independent processing, with SNARC effects only observed for symbolic digits.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Numerical Cognition
Background:
- The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect demonstrates a link between number magnitude and spatial response locations.
- A format-independent SNARC effect suggests a shared representation for symbolic (digits) and non-symbolic (e.g., dots) numerical formats, but empirical evidence remains debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential interactions between symbolic and non-symbolic numerical representations within the SNARC effect.
- To determine if simultaneous presentation of both formats influences the SNARC effect.
Main Methods:
- Participants performed magnitude classification tasks using visual stimuli that combined symbolic digits with non-symbolic dice patterns.
- Two tasks were employed: one focusing on the numerical value of digits (symbolic task) and another on the quantity of items regardless of their value (non-symbolic task).
Main Results:
- A significant SNARC effect was observed in the symbolic task, where response side correlated with numerical magnitude.
- No SNARC effect was found in the non-symbolic task.
- The congruency between symbolic and non-symbolic numerical information did not alter response patterns.
Conclusions:
- Symbolic and non-symbolic numerical representations appear to be processed independently concerning the SNARC effect.
- These findings challenge theories proposing a unified format for numerical representation and its spatial coding.
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