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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.8K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Metal-oxo Cluster Mediated Atomic Rh with High Accessibility for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Hai Dong1, Zhenyang Zhao1, Zihe Wu1

  • 1College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

High-content rhodium single-atom catalysts (SACs) were synthesized on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for clean energy applications. These advanced SACs demonstrate superior performance in hydrogen evolution reactions compared to commercial catalysts.

Keywords:
acidic water electrolysishydrogen evolution reactionmetal organic frameworksseawater electrolysissingle-atom catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are crucial for clean and sustainable energy but often suffer from low metal loading.
  • Current synthesis methods and anchoring strategies limit the metal content in SACs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-content single-atom catalyst (SAC) with enhanced performance and stability.
  • To investigate a novel synthesis approach for loading high metal content onto metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a rhodium SAC (Rh-SAC) by loading rhodium onto the metal nodes of metal-porphyrin-based PCN MOFs (PCN-224).
  • Utilized various characterization techniques to analyze the catalyst structure and stability.
  • Evaluated the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the synthesized catalyst.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high Rh content of 15.9 wt% in the PCN-Rh15.9 /KB catalyst.
  • Demonstrated excellent hydrogen evolution activity with a low overpotential (25 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and high mass activity (7.7 A mg-1 Rh at 150 mV).
  • Observed that Rh species are stabilized by metal nodes bearing -O/OHx in MOFs, facilitating high loading and activity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MOF-supported Rh-SAC offers a promising route for high-content catalyst design.
  • This approach significantly outperforms commercial Rh/C catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions.
  • Establishes an efficient strategy for synthesizing high-content SACs on MOF nodes for diverse catalytic applications.