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Processing Gray Selenium in Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids.

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Gray selenium dissolves in ionic liquids, forming stable selenium species. Dilution or adding tellurium causes precipitation of selenium or selenium-tellurium compounds, respectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids offer unique solvation properties for elemental substances.
  • Understanding selenium's behavior in ionic liquids is crucial for its applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate gray selenium dissolution in tetraalkylphosphonium acetate ionic liquids.
  • Characterize the resulting selenium species and their stability.
  • Explore precipitation behavior upon dilution and tellurium addition.

Main Methods:

  • UV-vis, NMR (including 77Se), and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Quantum chemical calculations.
  • Electrochemical methods, powder X-ray diffraction.

Main Results:

  • Formation and stabilization of oligoselenides and cationic selenium species.
  • Demonstrated chemical exchange of selenium atoms via variable-temperature 77Se NMR.
  • Observed precipitation of amorphous selenium and crystalline Se-Te solid solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Tetraalkylphosphonium acetate ionic liquids effectively dissolve gray selenium.
  • Ionic liquid components stabilize various selenium species.
  • Controlled precipitation of selenium and selenium-tellurium alloys is achievable.