Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ into high energy density multi-carbon chemicals or fuels (e. g., ethylene) via new renewable energy storage has extraordinary implications for carbon neutrality. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts have been recognized as the most promising catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to ethylene (C₂ H₄ ) due to their moderate CO adsorption energy and moderate hydrogen precipitation potential. However, the poor selectivity, low current density and high overpotential of the CO₂ RR into C₂ H₄ greatly limit its industrial applications. Meanwhile, the complex reaction mechanism is still unclear, which leads to blindness in the design of catalysts. Herein, we systematically summarized the latest research, proposed possible conversion mechanisms and categorized the general strategies to adjust of the structure and composition for CO₂ RR, such as tip effect, defect engineering, crystal plane catalysis, synergistic effect, nanoconfinement effect and so on. Eventually, we provided a prospect of the future challenges for further development and progress in CO₂ RR. Previous reviews have summarized catalyst designs for the reduction of CO₂ to multi-carbon products, while lacking in targeting C₂ H₄ alone, an important industrial feedstock. This Review mainly aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for the design strategies and challenges of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂ H₄ through recent researches and further propose some guidelines for the future design of copper-based catalysts for electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂ H₄ .