Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.3K

Time-Action Profile of Technosphere Insulin in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

Michael J Haller1, Marisa C Jones2, Sunil Bhavsar2

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders
|January 18, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Technosphere insulin (TI), an inhaled ultra-rapid-acting insulin, showed rapid absorption and glucose-lowering effects in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Its pharmacokinetic profile in youth aged 8-17 years was comparable to that observed in adults.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Mellitus Research

Background:

  • Technosphere insulin (TI) is an inhaled dry powder ultra-rapid-acting insulin.
  • This study presents the first investigation of TI in pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and glucose-lowering effects of TI in children with T1D.
  • To compare the PK profile of TI in pediatric patients to that observed in adult studies.

Main Methods:

  • A single-arm study involving 27 children (ages 8-17) with T1D on stable multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) regimens.
  • Participants received individualized preprandial doses of TI (4-12 U) via oral inhalation.
  • Serum insulin and blood glucose levels were monitored for 250 minutes post-dose.

Main Results:

  • Mean Cmax (maximum insulin concentration) ranged from 77.3 to 207.7 µU/mL for TI doses of 4-12 U.
  • Tmax (time to maximum concentration) occurred rapidly, between 10.5 and 14.6 minutes post-dose.
  • Glucose-lowering effects observed between 30-60 minutes post-dose correlated with the insulin PK profile.

Conclusions:

  • Serum insulin levels increased rapidly after TI inhalation and returned to baseline within 120 minutes.
  • The pharmacokinetic profile of TI in children aged 8-17 years with T1D was similar to that previously reported in adult studies.
  • TI demonstrates a rapid absorption and action profile suitable for preprandial glucose management in pediatric T1D.
Abstract

Keywords:
Inhaled insulinPediatricPharmacokineticsPostprandial glucoseType 1 diabetes

More Related Videos

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

10.4K
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

18.9K

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
224
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
247
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.9K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
465
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.6K