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On the data privacy practices of Android OEMs.

Haoyu Liu1, Paul Patras1, Douglas J Leith2

  • 1Department of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

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Proprietary Android operating systems from major manufacturers excessively use hardware identifiers and collect sensitive user data, including installed applications and analytics, compromising user privacy and failing to adhere to best practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Information Security
  • Mobile Computing

Background:

  • Proprietary Android operating systems (OS) are widely used globally.
  • Understanding their data privacy practices is crucial for user protection.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively analyzed the network traffic and data handling of these specific OS variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an in-depth measurement study of data privacy practices in proprietary Android OS variants from Samsung, Xiaomi, Huawei, and Realme.
  • To investigate the utilization of identifiers in network connections.
  • To identify the types of data transmitted by these devices.

Main Methods:

  • Decryption and decoding of network traffic from various Android handsets.
  • Analysis of data transmission patterns and identifier usage.
  • Comparative assessment of privacy practices across different Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs).

Main Results:

  • All analyzed Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) extensively use long-lived hardware identifiers (e.g., serial number, IMEI), violating privacy best practices.
  • Hardware identifiers are linked to user identities upon OEM account sign-in.
  • OEMs collect lists of installed applications, enabling user profiling.
  • Analytics and telemetry data are collected by all OEMs, raising significant privacy concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Major Android OEMs exhibit poor data privacy practices by overusing hardware identifiers and collecting extensive user data.
  • The linkage of hardware identifiers to user accounts exacerbates privacy risks.
  • The collection of app lists and telemetry data presents substantial privacy concerns for users of these devices.