Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
07:47

Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases

Published on: December 6, 2016

7.2K

Vascular "Long COVID": A New Vessel Disease?

Giada Zanini1, Valentina Selleri1,2, Luca Roncati3

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Angiology
|January 18, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Long Covid (LC) involves vascular issues like endotheliitis and vasculitis developing 12 weeks post-COVID-19. Understanding these SARS-CoV-2-related vascular pathologies is crucial for effective LC treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular biology
  • Infectious disease pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long Covid (LC) encompasses vascular sequelae manifesting over 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Existing data on LC vascular complications is limited.
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms from the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection offer insights into LC vascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the vascular pathologies associated with Long Covid (LC).
  • To translate understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms to LC vascular complications.
  • To inform clinical management by recognizing vascular issues as potential LC manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Extrapolation of microcirculatory and macrocirculatory changes observed in acute COVID-19 to LC.
  • Analysis of immune and pro-coagulant dysregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Results:

  • Microcirculatory system: Endotheliitis, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation, evolving into leukocytoclastic-like and hyperimmune vasculitis.
  • Medium/large vessels: Endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis via platelet and inflammatory cell deposition.
  • Systemic effects: Dysregulated immunity and pro-coagulant states leading to thrombo-embolic events.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular pathologies are a significant component of Long Covid (LC).
  • Mechanisms include endotheliitis, vasculitis, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic states.
  • Clinical recognition of these vascular issues is essential for appropriate LC patient management.

Keywords:
COVID-19arterial thrombosisinflammationlong COVIDvascular complicationsvasculitis

More Related Videos

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis07:56

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

Published on: May 5, 2023

457
A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis05:12

A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis

Published on: November 22, 2024

644

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
23
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
21
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
24
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
2.4K
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
1.6K
Veins as Blood Reservoirs01:10

Veins as Blood Reservoirs

Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance...
6.1K