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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

333
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

328
Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Monkeypox-associated proctitis and rectal wall perforation.

Lottie Brown1, Christopher Delaney1, Alison Hainsworth2

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 18, 2023
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox can cause severe rectal complications, including perforation, in HIV-positive individuals. Early imaging and conservative management may prevent surgery for these rare but serious cases.

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General surgerySexual healthSexual transmitted infections (viral)Tropical medicineTropical medicine (infectious disease)

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Monkeypox (MPX) is a global viral zoonotic disease rapidly spreading since May 2022.
  • Rectal complications of MPX are increasingly reported but not well understood.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a potential risk factor for severe MPX outcomes.

Observation:

  • A case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man presenting with severe rectal pain and confirmed monkeypox (MPX) is described.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed proctitis with localized perforation on day 5 of hospitalization.
  • The patient's symptoms were managed conservatively.

Findings:

  • The patient received tecovirimat, antibiotics, analgesia, and laxatives, leading to improvement without surgical intervention.
  • This case highlights the potential for significant rectal morbidity in MPX patients, particularly those with HIV.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing MPX-related complications.

Implications:

  • Healthcare professionals should consider MPX in patients with new rectal symptoms, implementing isolation and screening protocols.
  • Cross-sectional imaging should be utilized for suspected MPX patients with persistent severe rectal symptoms or systemic illness to detect complications like perforation or abscess.
  • Antibiotic use should be reserved for secondary bacterial infections or sepsis, not routine MPX treatment.