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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Utilization of Ultrasound Guided Tissue-directed Cellular Implantation for the Establishment of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts
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Metastatic paraganglioma.

Daniela Harmsworth1, Andrew Mallia2, James DeGaetano3

  • 1Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta daniela.balzan@gov.mt.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of metastatic paraganglioma causing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was identified 18 years after initial treatment. This finding highlights the potential for late-stage metastasis in paraganglioma patients, necessitating vigilant monitoring.

Keywords:
Head and neck cancerRadiology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Glomus jugulare paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor.
  • Metastatic paraganglioma is an uncommon but serious complication.
  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be a rare presenting symptom of underlying malignancy.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male with a history of treated glomus jugulare paraganglioma presented with unprovoked DVT.
  • Imaging revealed a sclerotic focus in the L4 vertebral body and multiple bony lesions.
  • A bone biopsy confirmed metastatic paraganglioma.

Findings:

  • The patient's DVT was precipitated by metastatic paraganglioma.
  • The metastatic disease was detected 18 years after initial radiotherapy for the primary tumor.
  • Octreotide therapy was initiated for metastatic paraganglioma.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic paraganglioma in patients with unexplained DVT, even years after primary treatment.
  • Long-term surveillance for metastatic disease is crucial in paraganglioma survivors.
  • Understanding the link between paraganglioma metastasis and thromboembolic events is vital for patient management.