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Quantifying the Shape Memory Performance of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Biobased Polyester/Cellulose Composite

Maxime Barbier1, Marie Joo Le Guen1, John McDonald-Wharry2

  • 1Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel biobased composite for 3D printing with heat-triggered shape memory. Optimal curing duration enhances shape recovery and tunes glass-transition temperature for advanced applications.

Keywords:
4D printingadditive manufacturingsmart materialsthermomechanical propertiesthermosetting resin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biocomposites

Background:

  • Developing sustainable materials for additive manufacturing is crucial.
  • Biobased polymers offer a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) enable advanced functionalities in 3D printed objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate a biobased composite material with heat-triggered shape memory for 3D printing.
  • To investigate the impact of curing duration on the material's shape memory properties.
  • To optimize the formulation for enhanced shape recovery and tunable glass-transition temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a polyester matrix using glycerol, citric acid, and sebacic acid, reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals and micro-powder.
  • Thermo-mechanical analysis using three-point bending and single cantilever setups to quantify shape recovery.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to monitor polyester formation and functional group conversion.

Main Results:

  • Increasing curing duration from 6h to 72h elevated the glass-transition temperature (Tg) from -26°C to 13°C.
  • Samples cured for <24h showed low shape recovery (22-70%) and high measurement dependency.
  • Samples cured for 48-72h demonstrated high shape recovery (90-100%), faster rates, and reduced measurement sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Curing duration is a critical parameter for tuning the shape memory behavior of the biobased polyester composite.
  • Achieving a sufficient curing threshold enables predictable and efficient heat-triggered shape recovery.
  • This material holds potential for creating functional, heat-responsive 3D printed products.