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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2025

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology
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A Radiopaque Nanoparticle-Based Ink Using PolyJet 3D Printing for Medical Applications.

Alice Shannon1, Aine O'Connell2, Aidan O'Sullivan1,3

  • 1Design Factors Research Group, School of Design, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Utilization of a novel radio-opaque 3D printed phantom for simulation training of CT-guided interventional procedure.

Irish journal of medical science·2025

Researchers developed a 3D printable radiopaque ink using zirconium oxide nanoparticles. This innovation enhances the visibility of medical devices and implants in X-ray imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Most 3D printing technologies utilize polymers, which are naturally radiolucent, hindering visibility in medical imaging.
  • Radiolucent materials appear as faint gray regions on X-ray detectors, similar to soft tissues.
  • Improved radiopacity is crucial for medical devices, implants, phantoms, and calibration aids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D printable radiopaque ink for enhanced medical imaging applications.
  • To successfully 3D print artifacts with radiopaque features using the developed ink.
  • To assess the feasibility of using zirconium oxide nanoparticles in UV-curable resins for 3D printing.

Main Methods:

  • A UV-curable resin was formulated with 5 wt.% zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles.
Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturingmedical devicesnanoparticlesradiopacityzirconium oxide

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  • High-shear mixing was employed to disperse ZrO2 nanoparticles within the base resin.
  • The developed radiopaque resin was utilized in a 3D printing process to create artifact models.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed resin demonstrated good dispersion of ZrO2 nanoparticles, remaining stable for 6-8 hours.
    • The impregnated resin maintained UV curability and acceptable viscosity for 3D printing.
    • Successfully 3D printed models, including a hand with radiopaque bones and a test block, exhibited clear radiopacity under X-ray and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel 3D printable radiopaque ink was successfully developed using ZrO2 nanoparticles.
    • The developed ink enables the creation of 3D printed objects with enhanced radiopacity for medical imaging.
    • This advancement holds significant potential for improving medical device visibility and creating realistic imaging phantoms.