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Related Concept Videos

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
167

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Benchmarking of Nondestructive Testing for Additive Manufacturing.

Valdemar R Duarte1, Tiago A Rodrigues1, Miguel A Machado1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UNIDEMI, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.

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|January 19, 2023
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Detecting defects in additive manufacturing (AM) is crucial for product reliability. Combining multiple nondestructive testing methods offers complementary insights for robust defect detection in complex parts.

Keywords:
X-ray μCTnondestructive testingpowder bed fusionselective laser meltingthermography

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Manufacturing Technology
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Additive Manufacturing (AM), particularly Selective Laser Melting (SLM), faces challenges in defect detection for critical applications.
  • Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are not yet standardized or widely adopted for AM parts.
  • Complex geometries and diverse defect types (porosity, cracking, lack of fusion) hinder reliable inspection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of various NDT techniques for defect detection in complex SLM-manufactured parts.
  • To assess the detectability of real and artificial defects in AISI 316L stainless steel components.
  • To determine if a single NDT method is sufficient or if a multi-technique approach is necessary.

Main Methods:

  • Dye penetrant testing
  • Infrared thermography
  • Immersion ultrasonic testing
  • Eddy current testing
  • X-ray microcomputed tomography

Main Results:

  • Each NDT technique demonstrated varying capabilities in detecting specific defect types.
  • No single method was capable of identifying all assessed defects.
  • X-ray microcomputed tomography provided detailed internal defect visualization.
  • Surface and near-surface defects were detectable by dye penetrant and eddy current methods.

Conclusions:

  • A multi-technique NDT approach is essential for comprehensive defect assessment in SLM parts.
  • Complementary and redundant information from multiple methods enhances the reliability of integrity evaluation.
  • This integrated NDT strategy is vital for advancing AM in critical structural applications.