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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Resistome Study in Aquatic Environments.

Hanseob Shin1, Yongjin Kim1, Seunggyun Han1

  • 1School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes are spreading rapidly in aquatic environments, posing a global threat. Consistent surveillance frameworks are needed to address this challenge.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance genesantibiotic resistant bacteriaresistome

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern, with rapid dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments.
  • Aquatic environments serve as reservoirs and transmission routes for ARB and ARGs, with Gammaproteobacteria being primary hosts, including potential human pathogens.
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) further facilitates the spread of ARGs, leading to their ubiquity and posing risks to public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodologies for detecting ARGs.
  • To describe the occurrence and dissemination of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environments.
  • To highlight the need for a clear strategy and a strict framework for consistent surveillance of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ARGs detection methodologies.
  • Analysis of studies reporting the occurrence and dissemination of ARB and ARGs in various aquatic environments.
  • Identification of key ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) as potential indicators of contamination.

Main Results:

  • ARB and ARGs are widespread in aquatic environments through various transmission routes.
  • Gammaproteobacteria are significant hosts for ARGs, some of which are clinically relevant pathogens.
  • Specific ARGs and MGEs (e.g., strA, sul1, int1) are proposed as indicators for assessing aquatic contamination levels.

Conclusions:

  • Despite numerous studies, a clear strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments is lacking.
  • Active surveillance systems are crucial but require a standardized framework for consistent monitoring and research.
  • Establishing a strict framework for consistent surveillance is essential for future research and effective management of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems.