Caleosin/peroxygenases: multifunctional proteins in plants

Area of Science:

• Plant biochemistry and molecular biology
• Protein structure and function
• Lipid metabolism

Background:

• Caleosin/peroxygenases (CLO/PXGs) are multifunctional proteins found in plants, fungi, and algae.
• Initially identified as lipid-associated proteins similar to oleosins, CLO/PXGs exhibit more complex structures and functions.
• These proteins possess conserved domains, diverse localizations, and varied roles in cellular processes.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes current knowledge on CLO/PXG structural properties and biochemical activities.
• It examines their peroxygenase functions and involvement in plant oxylipin metabolism.
• The review links CLO/PXG enzymatic activities and expression patterns to their physiological roles.

Key Points:

• CLO/PXGs possess conserved structures and exhibit peroxygenase activities.
• They play significant roles in plant physiology, including biotic and abiotic stress responses.
• Their involvement in the sequestration and detoxification of xenobiotics is a key area of study.

Conclusions:

• CLO/PXGs, recognized as lipid-associated proteins and peroxygenases, have diverse functions.
• Further research is needed to fully understand their roles in plant welfare, particularly in xenobiotic sequestration and detoxification.
• Biotechnological applications of CLO/PXGs present intriguing future possibilities.