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Gender gaps at the academies.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women are now significantly more likely to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) than men. This shift, observed over the past two decades, indicates a positive preference for female scholars in these prestigious scientific organizations.

Keywords:
Matilda effectgender gapshonorary society

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Area of Science:

  • Analysis of selection trends in prestigious scientific academies.
  • Focus on psychology, mathematics, and economics.

Background:

  • Historically, men dominated membership in the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS).
  • Recent decades show a significant increase in female membership, reaching approximately 40% in the last three years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model changes in the probability of women's selection to the NAS and AAAS from the 1960s to the present.
  • To compare selection probabilities controlling for scholarly output (publications) and impact (citations).

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of active scholar lists based on top journal publications in psychology, mathematics, and economics.
  • Development of statistical models to analyze gender-based selection probabilities over time.
  • Control variables included publication counts and citation metrics.

Main Results:

  • In earlier periods, women had a lower selection probability than men with similar academic records.
  • By the 1990s, selection became approximately gender-neutral, conditional on publications and citations.
  • In the last 20 years, a pronounced positive preference for selecting women has emerged and strengthened across all three fields.

Conclusions:

  • Women are currently 3 to 15 times more likely to be selected for NAS and AAAS membership than men with comparable publication and citation records.
  • This positive preference may stem from recognition of systemic barriers women face in publishing and citation impact.
  • The findings suggest a shift towards greater gender equity, potentially as a corrective measure for past inequities.