Effect of circular RNAs and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on cancer biology

Gong Zhang1, Junhui Hou1, Chenxue Mei2

  • 1Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.

Insights

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and circular RNAs (circRNAs) interact to influence cancer development. This review explores their roles in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a key RNA modification impacting gene expression.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators in various diseases, including cancer.
  • The interplay between m6A modification and circRNAs in tumorigenesis is a rapidly developing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate interactions between m6A modification and circRNAs.
  • To elucidate the roles of these interactions in cancer development.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting m6A-modified circRNAs in tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms involving m6A modification of circRNAs.
  • Examination of the functional consequences in different tumor types.

Main Results:

  • m6A modification dynamically regulates circRNA biogenesis, export, translation, and degradation.
  • circRNAs can reciprocally influence the m6A "epitranscriptome" by modulating m6A "writers," "erasers," and "readers."
  • These interactions play significant roles in the progression of various cancers.

Conclusions:

  • The m6A modification of circRNAs presents a complex regulatory network crucial for tumorigenesis.
  • Understanding these interactions offers promising avenues for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further research into m6A-circRNA interplay could accelerate clinical applications in oncology.

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.1K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.8K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.1K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.1K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.7K