Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

619
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
619
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.2K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

205
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
205
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

169
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
169
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Environmental roots of neonatal health: how social and structural exposures shape early-life outcomes.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Sex-specific analysis of early disease course and treatment in a German multiple sclerosis cohort.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Association of fetal inflammatory response with brain MRI findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Treatment approaches to patients with multiple sclerosis and coexisting psoriasis - A longitudinal multicenter observational cohort study.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·2026
Same author

CSF Proteins Associated With Neuroaxonal Damage in Early Active Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

Neurons differentially upregulate type 2 immune cytokines and interleukin-4 receptor subtypes during neuroinflammation.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
10:37

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

Published on: April 11, 2018

9.6K

Interleukin-4 as a therapeutic target.

Yvonne Gärtner1, Lynn Bitar1, Frauke Zipp1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has dual roles in immunity and disease. While blocking IL-4 treats allergies, its beneficial effects in neurological conditions like stroke are being explored for new therapies.

Keywords:
Central nervous systemInterleukin-4Neuroprotection and -repairTranslationType 2 inflammation

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles
09:57

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2021

2.1K
Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
10:37

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

Published on: April 11, 2018

9.6K
Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles
09:57

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1α Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2021

2.1K
Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
10:10

Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

Published on: November 16, 2016

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cytokine biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a key cytokine in type 2 immunity.
  • IL-4 antagonism is used for atopic dermatitis and asthma.
  • Emerging evidence shows IL-4's therapeutic potential in neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse biological activities of IL-4.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting IL-4.
  • To discuss modifying IL-4 pathways for specific treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IL-4 functions.
  • Analysis of therapeutic approaches targeting IL-4.
  • Examination of IL-4's role in experimental models of disease.

Main Results:

  • IL-4 plays a significant role beyond type 2 immunity.
  • IL-4 demonstrates beneficial effects in experimental models of stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis.
  • Strategies are being developed to harness IL-4's therapeutic potential without inducing unwanted immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • IL-4 exhibits multifaceted biological activities with therapeutic implications.
  • Targeted modification of the IL-4 pathway offers promise for treating various diseases.
  • Further research into IL-4's complex roles is crucial for developing novel treatments.