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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
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Neonatal herpes simplex presenting as a zosteriform eruption.

Elizabeth Anderson1, Emma Johns2, Joseph Conlon3,4

  • 1Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can present with atypical skin rashes, not just typical blisters. Early diagnosis and antiviral treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes in newborns with HSV.

Keywords:
dermatologyinfectious diseasesneonatal and paediatric intensive care

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infections
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection poses a significant threat, causing death and disability.
  • Skin, eye, and mouth (SEM) infections represent about half of US cases.
  • Characteristic vesicular lesions are absent in less than half of neonates with proven HSV disease.

Observation:

  • A case of HSV-2 infection in a neonate presented with an unusual zosteriform rash on day 3 of life.
  • This presentation deviates from the typical vesicular lesions often associated with neonatal HSV.
  • The zosteriform rash mimicked herpes zoster (shingles) but was confirmed as HSV-2.

Findings:

  • Neonatal HSV can manifest with atypical skin presentations, such as a zosteriform eruption.
  • The absence of classic vesicular lesions can delay diagnosis.
  • Prompt recognition of atypical rashes is vital for timely intervention.

Implications:

  • Highlighting unusual HSV skin presentations is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy in neonates.
  • Earlier diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy can prevent progression to central nervous system disease and dissemination.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering HSV in neonates with any suspicious rash, even if atypical.