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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary ecology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Community genetics

Background:

  • Microbial species pairs, such as predator and prey, can undergo coevolution through reciprocal natural selection.
  • Understanding how coevolution within small groups impacts diverse communities is a key challenge in evolutionary ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of experimentally manipulated coevolutionary history between a ciliate predator and a bacterial prey species on a synthetic 30-species bacterial community.
  • To determine how localized coevolution influences community structure, carrying capacity, metabolic potential, and transcriptional networks.

Main Methods:

  • Established a synthetic 30-species bacterial community.
  • Experimentally manipulated the coevolutionary history of a specific ciliate predator and bacterial prey pair within the community.
  • Assessed community structure, carrying capacity, per-cell ATP concentration (metabolic potential), and community-wide transcriptional profiles.

Main Results:

  • Altering the coevolutionary history of the focal prey species had minimal impact on overall community structure and carrying capacity.
  • Community metabolic potential, indicated by per-cell ATP concentration, significantly increased when both the coevolved predator and prey were present.
  • Community-wide transcriptional shifts were observed, with differential regulation of nutrient acquisition and surface colonization pathways in multiple bacterial species.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupting localized coevolution between species pairs can induce significant, community-wide transcriptional network alterations, even if community composition remains stable.
  • Elevated metabolic potential and altered gene expression patterns suggest that localized coevolution has broader ecosystem-level consequences.
  • These transcriptional changes may serve as indicators of impending evolutionary and ecological shifts within the microbial community.