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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

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Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Microfluidic Co-culture of Epithelial Cells and Bacteria for Investigating Soluble Signal-mediated Interactions
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Microbe social skill: the cell-to-cell communication between microorganisms.

Xi Zhao1, Xiong Liu2, Xin Xu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Microbes communicate socially, forming cooperative behaviors beneficial to their populations. Understanding this microbial social communication is key to interpreting microbe behaviors in the microbiome era.

Keywords:
Cell-to-cell communicationMicrobial collective behaviorQuorum sensingSociomicrobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Microbes, though single-celled, engage in complex social interactions.
  • These interactions are crucial for cooperative behaviors and population-level benefits.
  • Understanding microbial communication is vital in the current microbiome research era.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication in microbes.
  • To highlight recent discoveries and technologies in microbial communication.
  • To discuss emerging concepts in sociomicrobiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microbial communication mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of recent findings on interspecies and interkingdom communication.
  • Discussion of novel technologies for studying microbial social interactions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of molecular pathways for microbial cell-to-cell signaling.
  • Identification of key advances in understanding complex microbial interactions.
  • Exploration of new technological approaches for studying sociomicrobiology.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial social communication is fundamental to understanding microbial ecology and behavior.
  • Advances in technology are revolutionizing the study of inter-microbial interactions.
  • Sociomicrobiology offers a new framework for interpreting microbial community dynamics.