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Related Concept Videos

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body01:13

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body

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Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
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When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
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The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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A unified implicit scheme for kinetic model equations. Part I. Memory reduction technique.

Songze Chen1, Chuang Zhang1, Lianhua Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel implicit method reconstructs distribution functions from macroscopic variables, significantly reducing memory for kinetic equations. This technique offers efficiency comparable to Navier-Stokes solvers.

Keywords:
Implicit schemeKinetic equationMemory reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Physics
  • Numerical Analysis
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Solving kinetic equations requires substantial memory due to storing distribution functions.
  • Existing methods face limitations in memory efficiency for complex simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a memory reduction technique for stationary kinetic model equations.
  • To introduce an implicit numerical method that alleviates memory requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstructing the velocity distribution function from macroscopic variables at a discrete level.
  • Developing an implicit numerical method that stores only macroscopic quantities for the collision term.
  • Implementing and testing various boundary conditions (inlet, outlet, isothermal).

Main Results:

  • The proposed implicit method drastically reduces memory usage for kinetic equation solvers.
  • Numerical tests confirm the validity and efficiency of the memory reduction technique.
  • The new solver achieves nearly identical solutions to explicit methods with significantly lower memory footprint.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique effectively relieves the enormous memory requirements for solving kinetic equations.
  • This implicit solver offers a memory-efficient alternative, comparable to Navier-Stokes solvers.
  • The method is validated for various boundary conditions, demonstrating broad applicability.