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Related Concept Videos

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
06:57

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

Published on: January 31, 2019

Epicardial repolarization mapping in man.

J C Cowan1, C J Griffiths, C J Hilton

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.

European Heart Journal
|September 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method allows for rapid, reliable epicardial monophasic action potential recording during surgery. This repolarization mapping technique is feasible and sensitive for detecting regional differences in cardiac repolarization.

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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System

Published on: May 22, 2018

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
06:57

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

Published on: January 31, 2019

Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System

Published on: May 22, 2018

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
10:17

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Epicardial monophasic action potentials (MAPs) are crucial for understanding cardiac electrophysiology.
  • Intraoperative assessment of MAPs can provide valuable insights into cardiac function and disease.
  • Current methods for recording MAPs may be limited in speed, reliability, or applicability during surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess a simple, rapid, and reliable method for recording epicardial MAPs intraoperatively in humans.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of epicardial repolarization mapping in a clinical setting.
  • To determine the sensitivity of the technique in identifying regional differences in myocardial repolarization.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hand-held probe for recording epicardial MAPs from multiple sites.
  • Assessment of recording success rates across different regions of the ventricles in 30 patients.
  • Evaluation of the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on action potential duration.
  • Analysis of method reproducibility using repeated measurements and confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Technically adequate MAP signals were recorded from most left ventricular (72%) and posterior right ventricular (61%) sites.
  • Satisfactory recordings were more challenging over the right ventricle free wall (36% success rate).
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass induced a transient increase in action potential duration.
  • Method reproducibility showed 95% confidence limits of +/- 21 ms for single potentials, reduced to +/- 8 ms with multiple applications.
  • Statistically significant regional differences in repolarization were detected in 90% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative epicardial repolarization mapping using the developed method is a practical and feasible technique.
  • The method is sufficiently sensitive to detect regional variations in myocardial repolarization.
  • This technique holds promise for investigating the role of repolarization dispersion in cardiac arrhythmogenesis.