Dynamic supraparticles for the treatment of age-related diseases

Age-related diseases (ARDs) are arising as a major threat to public health in our fast-aging society. Current development of nanomedicine has sparked much optimism toward ARDs management by improving drug delivery and controlled drug release. However, effective treatments for ARDs, such as cancer and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), are still lacking, due to the complicated pathological features of ARDs including multifactorial pathogenesis, intricate disease microenvironment, and dynamic symptom manifestation. Recently, dynamic supraparticles (DS), which are reversibly self-assembled functional nanoparticles, have provided a novel strategy for combating ARDs. Besides the intrinsic advantages of nanomedicine including multifunctional and multitarget, DS are capable of dynamic structural reconfiguration upon certain stimulation, creating another layer of maneuverability that allows programmed response to the spatiotemporal alterations of ARDs during progression and treatment. In this review, we will overview the challenges faced by ARDs management, and discuss the unique opportunities brought by DS. Then, we will summarize the designed synthesis of DS for ARDs treatment. Finally, we will dissect the therapeutic targets in ARDs that can be exploited by DS, and present the encouraging advances in this field. Hopefully, this review will bridge our knowledge of the design principle of DS and ARDs management, which may inspire the future development of potent theranostic agents to improve the healthcare.