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Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.2K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.2K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

3.6K
A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
3.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.6K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.6K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

2.7K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
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Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus

Published on: October 3, 2014

13.7K

Visible light-mediated CP bond formation reactions.

Bao-Gui Cai1, Jun Xuan1, Wen-Jing Xiao2

  • 1Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Visible light photoredox catalysis offers a sustainable method for creating new carbon-phosphorus (CP) bonds. This review highlights recent advancements in CP bond formation using this green chemistry approach.

Keywords:
CP bond formationOrganophosphorus compoundsPhotoredox catalysisVisible light

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Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
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[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Organophosphorus compounds are vital in materials science, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals due to their bioactivities.
  • Efficient synthesis of carbon-phosphorus (CP) bonds is crucial in synthetic organic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in forming CP bonds using visible light-induced photoredox catalysis.
  • To discuss reaction design and mechanistic pathways in these transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Visible light-induced photoredox catalysis.
  • Exploration of sustainable and green chemistry approaches.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and design strategies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the utility of photoredox catalysis for CP bond formation.
  • Highlighted the sustainability and green aspects of these reactions.
  • Provided insights into reaction design and mechanistic understanding.

Conclusions:

  • Visible light photoredox catalysis is a powerful tool for constructing CP bonds.
  • This methodology aligns with green chemistry principles, offering sustainable synthetic routes.
  • Further research in reaction design and mechanism will advance the field.