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Topological vortex phase transitions in iron-based superconductors.

Shengshan Qin1, Lunhui Hu2, Xianxin Wu3

  • 1Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

We discovered new topological vortex phases in iron-based superconductors, including a novel phase in weak topological insulators hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Doping and interlayer coupling control these exotic topological states.

Keywords:
Iron-based superconductorsMajorana modesVortex bound statesWeak topological insulators

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Iron-based superconductors exhibit complex electronic properties.
  • Topological phases of matter are characterized by exotic quantum states.
  • Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are quasiparticles with potential applications in quantum computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel topological vortex phases in iron-based superconductors.
  • To explore the emergence of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in these materials.
  • To understand the influence of doping and interlayer coupling on topological phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of topological states in superconductors.
  • Investigation of vortex bound states in 3D weak topological insulators (WTIs).
  • Prediction and summarization of various topological phases.

Main Results:

  • Identified a new topological phase in iron-based superconductors doped as 3D weak topological insulators (WTIs).
  • Observed two distinct quantum states for vortex bound states in superconducting 3D WTIs: a nodal phase with bulk MZMs and a full-gap phase with single vortex end MZM.
  • Demonstrated that carrier doping and interlayer coupling can induce phase transitions between different topological phases.

Conclusions:

  • Iron-based superconductors host diverse topological vortex phases beyond the previously known strong topological insulator state.
  • The interplay of doping and interlayer coupling offers a pathway to engineer and control these topological phases.
  • These findings expand the understanding of topological superconductivity and its material realization.