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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.1K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

980
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
980
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Floquet-engineered quantum state transfer in spin chains.

Hui Zhou1, Xi Chen2, Xinfang Nie3

  • 1Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Science Bulletin
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Floquet-engineered method for fast and robust quantum state transfer in Heisenberg spin chains. The technique simplifies complex control, enabling high-fidelity quantum manipulation in many-body systems.

Keywords:
Adiabatic quantum optimizationNuclear magnetic resonanceQuantum controlQuantum simulationQuantum state transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • Quantum state transfer is crucial for quantum computation and communication.
  • Counterdiabatic driving (CD) offers fast, robust state transfer but involves complex Hamiltonians.
  • Implementing CD in higher-dimensional systems is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply the Floquet-engineered method for quantum state transfer in Heisenberg spin chains.
  • To achieve fast, high-fidelity, and robust state transfer with simplified control.
  • To experimentally validate the method in a complex many-body system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Floquet engineering to emulate counterdiabatic driving dynamics.
  • Applying fast-oscillating control to the original Hamiltonian (H0(t)).
  • Controlling only the two marginal couplings in Heisenberg spin chains.
  • Experimental implementation using a nuclear magnetic resonance simulator.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated fast and high-fidelity quantum state transfer in Heisenberg spin chains.
  • Showcased the feasibility of Floquet engineering for complex many-body systems.
  • Achieved robust quantum state transfer with simplified experimental control.

Conclusions:

  • Floquet engineering provides a practical alternative to complex CD Hamiltonians for quantum state transfer.
  • The method enables high-fidelity quantum state manipulation in intricate systems.
  • This approach offers a new pathway for advancing quantum technologies.