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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

211
As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground...
211
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

213
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
213
Concrete01:20

Concrete

416
Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
416
Pumped Concrete01:13

Pumped Concrete

111
Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
111
Ready Mixed Concrete01:26

Ready Mixed Concrete

133
Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
133
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

107
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
107

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests
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Eco-Friendly, Set-on-Demand Digital Concrete.

Federica Boscaro1, Elia Quadranti1, Timothy Wangler1

  • 1Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel low clinker cement for 3D printing concrete, significantly reducing Portland cement content. This innovation offers a more sustainable approach to digital fabrication in construction.

Keywords:
Sustainable constructionaccelerationblended cementdigital fabricationhydrationrheology

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Area of Science:

  • Construction Materials Science
  • Sustainable Building Technologies
  • Digital Fabrication

Background:

  • Digital fabrication with concrete offers environmental benefits but faces challenges with high Portland cement usage.
  • Current methods require substantial cement content, impacting sustainability goals.
  • Developing eco-friendly concrete formulations for 3D printing is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a low clinker cement formulation for layered extrusion in digital concrete fabrication.
  • To evaluate the performance of a novel cement blend with reduced Portland cement content.
  • To demonstrate a sustainable alternative for 3D printed concrete.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a low clinker cement (50% Portland cement, 50% supplementary cementitious materials) to layered extrusion.
  • Utilizing an accelerator paste of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) and anhydrite for hydration control.
  • In-line mixing of retarded mortar with accelerator paste for processing and extrusion.

Main Results:

  • The developed low clinker mortar successfully underwent retardation, processing, pumping, and extrusion.
  • The Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) and anhydrite accelerator paste ensured adequate hydration and structural build-up.
  • The formulation achieved both early and long-term compressive strength.
  • The accelerated mortar contains only 303 kg/m³ of Portland cement, approximately half of current formulations.

Conclusions:

  • A low clinker cement formulation is viable for 3D printing concrete, significantly reducing environmental impact.
  • The use of CAC and anhydrite as accelerators enables efficient processing and material performance.
  • This approach offers a sustainable and high-performance solution for the construction sector's digital fabrication needs.