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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2025

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

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Therapeutic targeting of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E.

Jerry Pelletier1,2,3,4,5, Nahum Sonenberg1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is crucial for cell survival and homeostasis by regulating mRNA translation. Dysregulated eIF4E activity drives cancer, making it a target for disease treatment.

Keywords:
cancer therapyeIF4Ftranslational control

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Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a vital role in regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) translation.
  • Proper regulation of translation by eIF4E is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological conditions.
  • Under stress, eIF4E controls gene expression to promote cell survival through adaptive mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of eIF4E in mRNA translation and gene expression control.
  • To investigate the implications of eIF4E dysregulation in disease pathogenesis, particularly cancer.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting eIF4E activity.

Main Methods:

  • Fundamental biological studies were conducted.
  • The role of eIF4E in mRNA translation was investigated.
  • Mechanisms of eIF4E regulation and its impact on cellular processes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • eIF4E activity is essential for cellular homeostasis and adaptive responses to stress.
  • Aberrant eIF4E function is implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance.
  • Understanding eIF4E's control over gene expression is critical.

Conclusions:

  • eIF4E is a key regulator of gene expression with significant implications in disease.
  • Targeting eIF4E activity presents a promising therapeutic avenue for various diseases, especially cancer.
  • Further research into eIF4E function is warranted for developing novel treatment strategies.